Gum disease is more common than most people realize — and in its early stages, it’s completely reversible. Here’s what to watch for.
Gum disease (periodontal disease) begins as gingivitis, a mild inflammation of the gum tissue caused by plaque buildup along the gumline. At this stage, gums may appear red, slightly swollen, or bleed when you brush or floss. Many patients dismiss this as normal — but it’s your mouth’s signal that attention is needed.
Left untreated, gingivitis progresses to periodontitis, where bacteria reach below the gumline and begin damaging the bone and connective tissue that support your teeth. This stage is not reversible, though it can be managed effectively with treatment.
Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, certain medications, hormonal changes, and a family history of gum disease. Even patients with excellent oral hygiene can develop gum disease if they have genetic susceptibility.
Early warning signs include: bleeding when brushing or flossing, persistent bad breath, gums that appear to be pulling away from teeth, and teeth that feel loose. If you notice any of these, book an appointment promptly. Professional cleaning and improved home care can reverse gingivitis entirely when caught early.
